These two system processes are, among others, used in the ceramics industry. They are partly applied for separation of dust, hydrogen fluorine, hydrogen chlorine and sulfur oxide.
Cascade systems are the classic solution for HF separation by means of lime chippings. By using Wülfragran these systems can also be used for SOx separation.
With increasing concentration levels dust filter systems, which do not use granules but powdery substances are used more often.